Updates

What's New in Antibiotic

Revised or new topics

 

• Principles of managing osteomyelitis
• Long-bone osteomyelitis in adults
• Mandibular osteomyelitis in adults and children
• Osteomyelitis complicating sacral pressure ulcers in adults (new topic)
• Sternal osteomyelitis complicating median sternotomy in adults (new topic)
• Vertebral osteomyelitis in adults
• Osteomyelitis in children

• Principles of managing native joint septic arthritis
• Empirical therapy for native joint septic arthritis
• Postprocedural infections of the shoulder

• Septic bursitis
• Bone and joint infections of the hand (new topic)
• Iliopsoas abscess (new topic)
• Spinal epidural abscess

• Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) native bone or joint infection
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) native bone or joint infection
• Kingella kingae native bone or joint infection
• Native bone or joint infection caused by other pathogens

• Principles of managing infective endocarditis
• Empirical therapy for infective endocarditis
• Staphylococcal endocarditis
• Streptococcal endocarditis
• Enterococcal endocarditis
• Endocarditis caused by the HACEK group
• Endocarditis caused by Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species
• Endocarditis caused by other organisms
• Culture-negative endocarditis

• Cardiac implantable electronic device infections
• Infected aneurysms
• Infections associated with intravenous catheters
• Vascular graft and stent infections
• Septic jugular thrombophlebitis (new topic)

• Clinical presentation and initial management of meningitis
• Meningitis in adults and children 2 months or older
• Meningitis in neonates and children younger than 2 months
• Directed therapy for meningitis
• Brain abscess and subdural empyema
• Encephalitis

• Assessment of infectious diarrhoea
• Management of infectious diarrhoea
• Travellers’ diarrhoea
• Outbreaks of diarrhoea in residential aged-care facilities
• Blastocystis species carriage
• Campylobacter enteritis
• Clostridioides difficile infection
• Cryptosporidium species infection (cryptosporidiosis)
• Cyclospora cayetanensis infection (cyclosporiasis)
• Cystoisospora belli infection (cystoisosporiasis)
• Dientamoeba fragilis carriage
• Entamoeba histolytica infection (amoebiasis)
• Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli enteritis
• Giardia duodenalis infection (giardiasis)
• Microsporidial infection
• Salmonella enteritis
• Shigella enteritis (shigellosis)
• Vibrio cholerae infection (cholera)
• Noncholera Vibrio species causing enteritis
• Yersinia enterocolitis
• Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea

• Cervical lymphadenitis
• Acute epiglottitis
• Epstein–Barr virus infection
• Acute laryngitis
• Acute mastoiditis in children
• Otitis externa
• Otitis media
• Peritonsillar abscess and cellulitis
• Pertussis
• Retropharyngeal abscess
• Acute rhinosinusitis
• Oral and oropharyngeal infection caused by Candida and related species
• Angular cheilitis

• Blepharitis
• Chalazion (meibomian cyst) and hordeolum (stye)
• Conjunctivitis
• Corneal abrasion and foreign bodies
• Dacryocystitis
• Endophthalmitis
• Epiphora
• Infectious keratitis
• Periorbital (preseptal) and orbital (postseptal) cellulitis

• Principles of sexually transmissible infection (STI) management
• Postexposure prophylaxis against STIs (new topic)
• Adult sexual assault
• Approach to Chlamydia trachomatis infection
• Approach to Mycoplasma genitalium infection
• Approach to Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection
• Approach to trichomoniasis
• Cervicitis
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Genital itch
• Genital ulcer disease
• Genital herpes
• Genital warts (human papillomavirus infection)
• Pelvic actinomycosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Postprocedural pelvic infection
• Infective proctitis
• Syphilis
• Urethritis
• Prepubertal vulvovaginitis
• Vulvovaginitis caused by Candida and related species in adults
• Bacterial vaginosis in adults

• Principles of managing HIV infection
• Initial antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults
• HIV infection in pregnancy
• Neonatal antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis against HIV
• Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV

• Approach to managing intra-abdominal infections
• Acute appendicitis
• Acute cholangitis
• Acute cholecystitis
• Acute infected pancreatitis
• Diverticulitis
• Peritonitis due to perforated viscus
• Sepsis and septic shock from a biliary or gastrointestinal tract source
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis
• Liver abscess
• Necrotising enterocolitis in neonates (new topic)

• Gastrointestinal protozoal parasites

• Clearance antibiotics for invasive meningococcal or Hib disease
• Prevention of infection in patients with asplenia or hyposplenism
• Postexposure prophylaxis against bloodborne viruses
• Prevention of infection in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding
• Prevention of invasive group A streptococcal infection
• Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (new topic)

• Finding the right pneumonia topic in these guidelines
• Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults
• Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children 2 months or older
• Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in term neonates and children younger than 2 months
• Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in residents of an aged-care facility
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia
• Ventilator-associated pneumonia
• Aspiration pneumonia

• Directed therapy for pneumoniae
• Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in adults
• Enterobacterales pneumonia
• Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia
• Legionella pneumonia in adults
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia or Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) species pneumonia
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia
• Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal) pneumonia
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) pneumonia
• Overview of fungal pneumonia
• Aspergillosis
• Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)

• Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis in adults
• Antibiotic management of bronchiectasis in children (new topic)
• Acute bronchitis
• Protracted bacterial bronchitis in children
• Antibiotic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations
• Influenza
• Lung abscess
• Parapneumonic effusion and thoracic empyema

• Principles of managing sepsis and septic shock
• Identifying sepsis or septic shock

• Choice of empirical antibiotic regimen for sepsis or septic shock
• Community-acquired sepsis or septic shock of unknown source in adults
• Hospital-acquired sepsis or septic shock of unknown source in adults
• Community-acquired sepsis or septic shock of unknown source in children 2 months or older
• Hospital-acquired sepsis or septic shock of unknown source in children 2 months or older
• Sepsis or septic shock of unknown source in neonates and children younger than 2 months

• Modifying empirical therapy for bloodstream infections when the pathogen is identified
• Candidaemia (including Candida and related species sepsis)
• Enterobacterales (including E. coli and K. pneumoniae) bloodstream infections, including sepsis and septic shock
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections, including sepsis and septic shock
• Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, including sepsis and septic shock
• Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) bloodstream infections, including sepsis and septic shock (new topic)
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) bloodstream infections, including sepsis and septic shock
• Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) bloodstream infections, including sepsis, septic shock and toxic shock syndrome
• Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C infection)

• Boils and carbuncles
• Cellulitis and erysipelas
• Chickenpox (varicella)
• Infections of chronic ulcers and wounds
• Infections of diabetes-related foot ulcers
• Impetigo
• Necrotising skin and soft tissue infections
• Recurrent staphylococcal skin infection
• Shingles (herpes zoster)
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

• Antibiotic choice for urinary tract infection (UTI) in adults
• Acute cystitis in adults
• Acute pyelonephritis in adults
• Sepsis and septic shock from a urinary tract source in adults
• Treatment and prevention of recurrent UTI in nonpregnant adults
• Urinary tract infection and bacteriuria in pregnancy
• Urinary tract infection in residents of an aged-care facility
• Asymptomatic bacteriuria in nonpregnant adults
• Catheter-associated bacteriuria and UTI in adults
• Bacteriuria and UTI in adults with urinary stents
• Candiduria and UTI caused by Candida and related species in adults
• Acute bacterial prostatitis
• Chronic bacterial prostatitis

• Overview of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children
• Urinary tract infection in neonates and children younger than 3 months (new topic)
• Acute cystitis in children
• Acute pyelonephritis in children
• Sepsis and septic shock from a urinary tract source in children
• Prevention of UTI in children
• Catheter-associated bacteriuria and UTI in children
• Candiduria and UTI caused by Candida and related species in children

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Managing suspected infection with a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterium (new topic)
• Empirical treatment for invasive Candida infection (new topic)

• Principles of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Interpreting microbiological testing results (new topic)

• Practical information on using antibacterial drugs
• Practical information on using antifungal drugs
• Practical information on using anthelmintic drugs
• Practical information on using antimycobacterial drugs
• Practical information on using antiprotozoal drugs
• Practical information on using antiviral drugs
• Practical information on using beta lactams

• Principles of aminoglycoside use
• Aminoglycoside dosing and administration
• Monitoring aminoglycoside plasma concentrations
• Clinical monitoring for aminoglycoside toxicity
• Aminoglycoside use in special patient groups

• Principles of vancomycin use in adults
• Vancomycin administration advice
• Approach to vancomycin dosing and monitoring in adults
• Vancomycin dosing in adults
• Vancomycin monitoring and dosage adjustment in adults
• Vancomycin dosing, monitoring and dosage adjustment in adults undergoing dialysis (new topic)

• Principles of vancomycin use in young infants and children (new topic)
• Intermittent vancomycin dosing in young infants and children (new topic)
• Vancomycin continuous infusion dosing in young infants and children (new topic)
• Vancomycin monitoring and dosage adjustment in young infants and children (new topic)

• Overview and definition of antimicrobial hypersensitivity
• Principles of assessing patients reporting antimicrobial hypersensitivity
• Principles of antimicrobial desensitisation
• Penicillin hypersensitivity
• Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity in adults

• Principles of antimicrobial dosing in kidney impairment
• Antimicrobial dosage modification in kidney impairment